William Goldings Lord of the Flies :: English Literature

Golding 's Lord of the Flies Golding actualizes his utilization of language and selection of words to make this an upsetting piece of the novel. We can see this on numerous events all through the entry. What's more, what makes this entry so significant is the young men perspectives changing and creating on various issues and restrictions. At the outset part of this entry the peruser can see that the trackers have quite recently attempted to kill their first pig and simultaneously conquering the untouchable being referred to, which is, regardless of whether it's entitlement to murder a creature for food. The peruser can see that Ralph is full Of fear what's more, trepidation and in particular Pride when he hit the hog with his lance and we notice that He sunned himself in their new regard and felt that chasing was acceptable all things considered. Later on we see another case of upsetting language as The hover moved in and around. Robert screeched in mock dread, at that point genuine agony. And as Ralph had an Abrupt thick fervor, he snatched Eric's lance and Punched at Robert with it. As Jack has Robert nailed down in the circle the peruser is informed that Jack is Shaking a blade, with this additional to the foundation cheering of Execute him! Murder him! the young men have conquer another Taboo; not one of is it option to murder creatures yet one of is it option to harm others for the game. Another upsetting piece of the entry is the language and symbolism associated with Make a ring! Here we can envision a goliath set of paws immersing Robert prepared to murder leaving him no way out. Furthermore, as Robert Screeched in mock dread, at that point in genuine torment we see that the young men playing the game can undoubtedly lose control without them knowing just how much harm their causing. As The butt end of the lance fell on his back, and the remainder of the young men began to Hold him! Ralph developed an Unexpected thick fervor, and poked Robert with Eric's lance. With the custom serenade of Slaughter him! Slaughter him! Jack before long gets himself holding Robert By the hair while Wielding a blade this piece of the section is additionally significant on the grounds that we can even observe that Ralph, who was Battling to get close and finding The craving to press and hurt was over-acing. Was ordinarily one of the young men who might be most drastically averse to take an interest in one of these savage games. It is in these games were the young men become overly enthusiastic and Ralph feels a

Free Essays on Hate Crimes

The worlds’ greatest foe today is the word â€Å"hate† and the individuals who utilize the term. When discussing the unforgiving word, â€Å"hate†, one talks about how we loathe various things others do, for example, what religion one practices, what race another is, the sexual inclinations another preferences, in the event that one is handicapped in any capacity, or simply the way another looks. These things are the reason the world has next to no harmony with in it. These things are the reason the United States’ crime percentage is so high. Loathe makes individuals do imbecilic and savage things. Wrongdoing in any capacity whatsoever is viciousness to the point that individuals get injured genuinely and additionally intellectually. Brutality like this solitary motivations others to fight back and the before one knows it is a hard and fast war. Detest violations are a major issue on the planet, however in the United States, it is to my assessment to be th e most exceedingly awful. How awful is detest wrongdoing in America? All things considered, the appropriate response remains in the FBI reports and different organizations the nation over. In the United States alone, in 1994 there were 5,853 despise violations that were reported (www.fbi.gov/ucr/hatecm.html). Just in Texas in the time of 1995, there were more than 300 loathe wrongdoings that were accounted for to various organizations (www.adl.org/presrele/hatecr_51/2604_51.html). The aggregate for the United States simultaneously in 1995 was 7,947, up by 2,095 from an entire year back (www.fbi.gov/ucr/hatecrm.html). That by itself isn't acceptable. Consider it, up by more than 2,000 additional wrongdoings inside a year. On the off chance that we separated it into certain classes like by race, at that point the counter - white episodes are at 6,706 aggregate; in religion, hostile to - Jewish is at 1,500: and in the sexual direction, against - male homosexuality is at 1,256 in the time of 1996 (www.civilrights .org/lcef/hcpc/details/table4a.html). Harmony will most likely not exists any longer. The solid nation we are today will before long transform into the most vulnerable nation ever. What sorts of loathe wrongdoings are start dedicated on the planet today? A wide range of wrongdoing like violations against pe... Free Essays on Hate Crimes Free Essays on Hate Crimes Wrongdoing is awful, easy. White on white, dark on dark, white on dark, other on other, it is all illicit. Wrongdoing is wrongdoing, a homicide is a homicide regardless of your point of view. â€Å"Hate† is a well known term utilized nowadays to upgrade certain violations, activity, or discourse. Loathe is an inclination or thought you have toward a person or thing, like some other feeling, however it is the main feeling used to name wrongdoings. Despise wrongdoing marking is fundamentally thought control performed by the United States Government. It isn't right and should stop right away. Who is to state one can't think or feel a specific path about anything. Detest ,for this situation the thought process, is the motivation behind why an individual carries out a wrongdoing. The intention is once in a while even utilized while rebuffing a lawbreaker, just the demonstration itself is taken a gander at. â€Å"Even in the event that it is conceivable to decide the attitude in which a wrongdoing is submitted, is it fitting in a free society for the legislature to rebuff individuals for their inward inspirations, [or] feelings?† (Barbara Dority). At the point when a court chooses to name a wrongdoing with â€Å"hate† they are truly mistreating against the criminal’s individual personality. The courts, in all the truth, shouldn't do this as per precidents set in our administrations history. The First Amendment plainly states the right to speak freely of discourse. With discourse should likewise come idea. The one in particular who can say why an individual did an activity is simply the individual. In setting, wrongdoing is a gross infringement of the law and detest is unfriendly sentiments towards a person or thing. Together, loathe wrongdoing, is any of different violations (as ambush or destruction of property) when inspired my antagonistic vibe toward the casualty as an individual from a gathering (Marriam-Webster). The feeling of abhor is the same than some other feeling, for example, insatiability, desire, or envy. For example, a white male individual from the Ku Klux Klan shoots and executes a dark man and his better half. Additionally a white man discovers his better half in bed with another man and shoots a... Free Essays on Hate Crimes The worlds’ greatest foe today is the word â€Å"hate† and the individuals who utilize the term. When talking about the brutal word, â€Å"hate†, one discusses how we abhor various things others do, for example, what religion one practices, what race another is, the sexual inclinations another preferences, in the event that one is handicapped in any capacity, or simply the way another looks. These things are the reason the world has almost no harmony with in it. These things are the reason the United States’ crime percentage is so high. Despise makes individuals do moronic and brutal things. Wrongdoing in any capacity whatsoever is brutality to the point that individuals get injured genuinely or potentially intellectually. Viciousness like this lone aims others to fight back and the before one knows it is a hard and fast war. Detest violations are a major issue on the planet, yet in the United States, it is to my assessment to be the most noticeably terrib le. How terrible is detest wrongdoing in America? Indeed, the appropriate response remains in the FBI reports and different offices the nation over. In the United States alone, in 1994 there were 5,853 loathe violations that were recorded (www.fbi.gov/ucr/hatecm.html). Just in Texas in the time of 1995, there were more than 300 abhor wrongdoings that were accounted for to various organizations (www.adl.org/presrele/hatecr_51/2604_51.html). The aggregate for the United States simultaneously in 1995 was 7,947, up by 2,095 from an entire year prior (www.fbi.gov/ucr/hatecrm.html). That by itself isn't acceptable. Consider it, up by more than 2,000 additional violations inside a year. In the event that we separated it into certain classifications like by race, at that point the counter - white episodes are at 6,706 aggregate; in religion, hostile to - Jewish is at 1,500: and in the sexual direction, against - male homosexuality is at 1,256 in the time of 1996 (www.civilrights.org/lcef/hcpc/de tails/table4a.html). Harmony will likely not exists any longer. The solid nation we are today will before long transform into the most fragile nation ever. What sorts of abhor wrongdoings are start dedicated on the planet today? A wide range of wrongdoing like violations against pe...

International Human Rights and Law

Question: Talk about theInternational Human Rights and Law. Answer: Presentation: The United Nations Human Rights Council is a piece of the United Nations System of intergovernmental body. The Human Rights Council succeeds the United Nations Commission of Human Rights. UNHRC actualizes and guarantees the consistence of the laws with respect to Rights (Un.org, 2016). Nonetheless, be it the obliviousness of the mass or the tremendous territory of rights and laws incorporated under the name Human Rights that the rights are regularly questioned and misconstrued; what sort of rights are portrayed as human rights and which are the rights that pull in more noteworthy insurance and regard? The disarray and debates are regularly among common and political rights and social and financial rights? Be that as it may, it is hard to choose and separate among the rights; which rights are significant and requests more regard and uncommon consideration regarding be executed and followed. The UN Human Rights Council guarantees the consistence and execution of the lawful demonstratio ns guaranteeing the Rights of in all the nations enrolled under the UN (Un.org, 2016). Be that as it may, the inquiry is do the rights and terms coordinate with all the lawful and political constitutions of the nations enrolled? If not, for what reason may the nations be following or in any event, confirming similar shows with the others? The accompanying exposition follows the contrast between the political and established show of an individual state with the UN show and endeavors to discover the motivation behind why may certain states under the United Nation enrolled nations be hesitant to endorse global human rights show for example the annihilation show. Annihilation Convention give models that responds to the accompanying inquiry; Why may a state be hesitant to confirm global Human Right Convention. Human Rights are, as the Equality and Human Rights Commission makes reference to in their site, the fundamental rights and opportunities that have a place with each individual on the planet, from birth til' the very end. They apply paying little heed to where you are from, what you accept or how you decide to carry on with your life. They can never be removed, in spite of the fact that they can now and then be confined... (Equalityhumanrights.com, 2016). These fundamental rights are framed on the essential estimations of balance, nobility, reasonable treatment, regard and autonomy. UN enrolls nine center Human Rights show to guarantee the severe execution of the rights and the consistence of the laws; ICERD to dispose of all types of racial segregation, ICCPR to actualize the Civil and political Rights, ICESCR to actualize the privileges of Economy, Society, and Culture, CEDAW to kill oppression ladies. In addition, there are CAT to take out cruel treatment or discipline, CRC to actu alize the privileges of a youngster, ICMW to execute the privileges of the vagrant specialists and their families , CPED to guarantee the security of all from upheld vanishing, and CRPD to actualize the privileges of individuals with inabilities (Un.org, 2016). The Genocide Convention was embraced on 1948 with 21 Articles for a legitimate and firm usage of the show and proposed for mark and sanction by the General Assembly and came into power from January 1950 (Un.org, 2016). Be that as it may, the primary inquiry of the exposition comes in this; Why may a state be hesitant to approve with the UN Genocide Convention? . The explanation can be twofold. First and in particular the Human Rights Convention will in general give to the mass an awfully huge measure of opportunity to practice with respect to their privileges in the state. The act of the rights gives the mass a critical control over the administration that can result into serious outcomes regarding the law and lawfulness (ohchr.org, 2016). All the more significantly, when a state endorses an arrangement with the UN, the state consents to the lawful commitment of actualizing the rights as perceived in the settlement. Through approval, the state consents to apply the authoritative and residential measure in consistence as the settlement requests. In any case, this can be risky as far as following the National constitution acts to keep up the law. Also, the States may fear the obstructions of UN through the arrangements (Donnelly, 2013). For instance, the US in present occasions has remained down from marking the Convention against Enforced Disappearance with the UN, which would forestall the kidnappings and mystery confinements by the state. As New Statesman focuses a plausible explanation of this may be the mystery detainment facilities run by CIA when the Convention was drafted. The US has even bombed o sign the Mine Ban arrangement, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). An explanation might be the dread that the bargains may meddle with the national laws and sway to depend progressively on strategy and capacity to accomplish the international strategies in regards to Syria and Iran (Newstatesman.com, 2016). Annihilation is a term that has been characterized clearly in a few purposes of time. In its differed definition, decimation fuses practically all global groups of law, authoritatively arbitrate the wrongdoing of massacre according to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) (Quigley, 2013). The demonstration of annihilation in itself contains clashing qualities. This hazardous attribute forestalls a particular meaning of the demonstration. Be that as it may, the UN registers slaughter in various characteristics: Murdering individuals from the gathering Causing genuine real or mental damage to individuals from the gathering Purposely dispensing on the gathering states of life determined to realize its physical devastation in entire or to a limited extent Forcing measures expected to forestall births inside the gathering Persuasively moving offspring of the gathering to another gathering (Un.org, 2016) Instituted by Raphael Lemkin, decimation, in a regular way doesn't include any unmistakable definition. Be that as it may, to follow the form of Lemkin himself, massacre is the demolition of anethnic gathering. Massacre doesn't really mean the quick obliteration of a country, with the exception of when achieved by mass killings of all individuals from a country. It is expected rather to imply a planned arrangement of various activities focusing on the decimation of fundamental establishments of the life of national gatherings, with the point of demolishing the gatherings themselves. The targets of such an arrangement would be breaking down of the political and social foundations, of culture, language, national sentiments, religion, and the financial presence of national gatherings, and the decimation of the individual security, freedom, wellbeing, poise, and even the lives of the people having a place with such gatherings. (Andreopoulos, 1997). Nonetheless, the demonstration of decimation can't be named uniquely as a demonstration of negligible human brutality. The term contains in itself a far more prominent brutality of mental, political and orderly perspective. Decimation was never a demonstration of imprudent human brutality in a bigger scope. Massacres are made, structured or controlled pretty much every time by a more prominent definitive force. It is all the more a very much idea, orderly propensities wanted to practice and guarantee power. The Rwanda decimation on the political situation of Africa is a demonstrated truth. Max Webers perception of Bureaucracy further demonstrates the significance of annihilation in the rise of organization (the practicing of intensity through mastery); Weber remarks Bureaucratic organization implies in a general sense control through information (Weber, 2013). In this manner, Genocide turns into an understood instrument in the foundation of territory and force. It is unnecessary to m ake reference to in this point no state would prone to forfeit such a ground-breaking instrument of them as far as practicing power. A significant purpose for this hesitance can be legitimized by investigating the principal article of the Genocide show itself that peruses, The Contracting Parties affirm that massacre, regardless of whether perpetrated in time of harmony or in time of war, is a wrongdoing under global law which they attempt to forestall and to rebuff. (Un.org, 2016). In this manner, marking to the show a nation will take upon itself certain duties like utilizing the administrative capacity to rebuff decimation regardless of the time (in time of harmony or in time of war). To find the individual or gathering answerable for the annihilation and capture them, to help out the giving over solicitations if another nation is included, and to send debates between countries to the ICJ, singular criminal cases to a national or worldwide court, or to allude a case to the able organs of the United Nations. (Mayers, 2015). In this way formally declared to be a wrongdoing there will be barely any bureaucratic na tions to eagerly approve with the show and to follow the rundown of nations endorsed with the Genocide Convention, nations, known for administration and extreme infringement of human rights are a piece of yet the rights are not really compelling in the parts. This conspicuously focuses to the way that no bureaucratic state would permit any just power or the mass to ascend into disobedience to their position. Bureaucracy as well as following its own shows can likewise be motivation to hesitance towards the confirmation of the UN Genocide Convention. Dominican Republic is a case of it. The state marked the massacre show yet is a long way from approving with the show. The state kept on following the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Human Rights Watch, 2016) reluctant to change the proceeding with show of law. The Chairman didn't concur with the show for the erasure of the sub section of article 2 which as they referenced ought to contain arrangements which could be deciphered so extensively as to jeopardize the opportunity of the press and to build the pressure between the states (Quigley, 2013). In addition, the state didn't affirm the show of massacre. As indicated by the Chairman Mr. Messina the type of the wrongdoing ought to be rebuffed following the national l

The Role Of The Imf In Financial Crisis Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

INTRODUCTION The International Monetary Fund came into formation in July 1944 when representatives of 45 countries met together in the town of Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in north-east of United States. They agreed to establish a framework for the international economic cooperation after the Second World War. It was believed that such a framework for the economic cooperation was necessary to avoid the recurrence of the disastrous economic policies which lead to the great depression for the countries  [1]  . In December 1945 International Monetary Fund formally came into existence when 29 member states signed the articles of agreement and on 1st March 1947 IMF began its operations. The main purpose of IMF was to guarantee stability of economic growth and the maintenance of living standards and therefore to accomplish this purpose it was very important for the countries to exchange goods and services from each other. The IMF if also known as a social institution, whose central role is to provide primary social goods: access to currency reserves, cost to such access, exhaustible social resource and trade currencies.  [2] ROLE OF IMF In 1970s the banks lent billion of dollars to the poorer nations specifically to Latin America and Asia but this process of lending of money lead to crisis. In 1982 Mexico announced that it could no longer pay the money owed until a special arrangement had been made that allowed it to postpone the payment and borrow back part of its interest. Following Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and other small countries also found themselves self caught in the same problem. If we see the position from a broader perspective it could be observed that the developments on the international economic in 1970s exposed the economic difficulties which were being faced by developing world. Both the internal and external problems of the developing countries were exposed; the internal problems of the developing countries manifested themselves in growing economic deficits and rising in external current account deficits. External factors included sharp increase in the real prices of the energy products, fluct uations in the world market prices of primary products produced by the non oil developing countries and slow growth in the industrial countries.  [3] In this situation the Bretton Woods institutions, World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) argued that the problems were being caused mainly by mismanagement in the developing countries. As a result of this sufferance of economic instability by the developing countries the institutions launched stabilization and structural programs to overcome the problems of macroeconomic distortions and to strengthen the economic structure in these countries. The role of IMF has been transforming vigorously since 1970s, when the gold standard fixed rate system was changed to a flexible exchange rate the original purpose of IMF to maintain the exchange rate alignment was departed. In 1980s IMF gave more attention towards the Latin America debt problem via structural adjustments. In early 1990s it was forced to play a role by helping to form market- based economies, by the end it was also dealing with financial sector reforms and systems financial crisis. However now IMF in poorer developing countries has been assisting to establish macroeconomic conditions for the poverty reduction. With the vigorously changing role of IMF the client base has also been affected; the membership has increased from 45 to 185 countries today. However the new countries which joined the IMF membership are more economically diverse and have wider needs and priorities than the existing members. Initially IMF was operating as a Credit union, all the members states use to borrow from time to time, Nowadays the IMF have structural creditors and debtors. The developed countries are less likely to borrow from the IMF and prefer to borrow directly from the private market, which does not allow IMF to interfere in their policies. Where as the developing countries are more likely to borrow continuously from IMF and must submit to their poli cy demands, however nowadays the IMF programme is mostly conducted in developing countries and emerging market countries. CRITICISM ON ROLE OF IMF IMF plays a vital role to improve and stabilise financial crisis, however its role has been under great scrutiny and has been criticised for many reasons. It has come into discussion that IMF loan causes more harm than good to member states. Many criticised on the IMFs insistence on deflationary fiscal policy  [4]  and higher interest rates.  [5]  It was argued that IMF turned a minor crisis into a major one by creating economic recession with unemployment rates in the countries like Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia. IMF has been demanding for the same economic policies for everyone regardless of the situation. Devaluation of the exchange rates may help many countries but it doesnt mean its always the solution. Some policies like privatisation and deregulation may work better in developed countries but will be more difficult to be implemented in the developing countries. It has been argued that IMF takes away the political autonomy of the countries. Countries such as Jamaica states that it takes away ability for the member states to decide their national policies, instead they have to follow the economic dictates of an unelected body. IMF has also been criticised by free market economist, they argue that IMFs intervention creates moral hazard  [6]  . They intervene on the bases of poor information and fail to deal with economic problems; it is argued that countries should take the responsibilities themselves rather than giving their responsibilities to IMF. ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT The IMFs fund authority is based on an international treaty called Articles of Agreement  [7]  which came into existence in December 1945.The articles of agreement outline the main purpose of the fund  [8]  , however the articles of agreement have been amended three times in the last 47 years  [9]  but article one which states the main purpose has never been altered. IMF observes the compliance of its members states with certain obligations specified in the articles of agreement; it is regulatory in nature rather than financial.  [10]  These articles lay down the rules which are of great importance in structural growth and function of the IMF , the funds keeps a check that rules are not only being followed by the member states but also the fund is working in compliance with the rules. By laying down a complete set of rules in the articles of agreement the fund makes sure that its main purpose and procedure is straight forward without creating any confusion for th e members states. Article one states the purpose of the IMF in a very wide prospect as it was states by Lastra: the broad record has authorized the institution to endure over the years, adjusting and re adjusting its role in response to varied economic circumstances.  [11] By joining the IMF and accepting the articles of agreement member states accepts the obligations that limit their monetary sovereignty and in return they receive benefits, however if the member states comply with the required conditions of the agreement they receive financial assistance in crisis situations. However it could be seen that there is a mutual responsibility on the both sides to deal with the circumstances as required by IMF procedure, which helps for international cooperation.

Definition of the Situation in Sociology

The definition of the situation is what people use to know what is expected of them and what is expected of others in any given situation. Through the definition of the situation, people obtain a sense of the statuses and roles of those involved in the situation so that they know how to behave.  It is the agreed upon, subjective understanding of what will happen in a given situation or setting, and who will play which roles in the action. The concept refers to how our understanding of the social context of where we may be, like a  movie theater, bank, library, or supermarket informs our expectations of what we will do, who we will interact with, and for what purpose. As such, the definition of the situation is a core aspect of social order -- of a smoothly operating society. The definition of the situation is something that we learn through socialization, composed of prior experiences, knowledge of norms, customs, beliefs, and social expectations, and is also informed by individual and collective needs and wants. It is  a foundational concept within symbolic interaction theory and an important one within sociology, generally. The Theorists Behind the Definition of the Situation Sociologists William I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki are credited with laying the theory and research groundwork for the concept that is known as the definition of the situation. They wrote about meaning and social interaction in their groundbreaking empirical study of Polish immigrants in Chicago, published in five volumes between 1918 and 1920. In the book, titled The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, they wrote that a  person has to take social meanings into account and interpret his experience not exclusively in terms of his own needs and wishes but also in terms of the traditions, customs, beliefs, and aspirations of his social milieu. By social meanings, they refer to the shared beliefs, cultural practices, and norms that become common sense to native members of a society. However, the first time the phrase appeared in print was in a 1921 book published by sociologists Robert E. Park and Ernest Burgess, Introduction to the Science of Sociology. In this book, Park and Burgess cited a Carnegie study published in 1919 which apparently used the phrase. They wrote, common participation in common activities implies a common definition of the situation. In fact, every single act, and eventually all moral life, is dependent upon the definition of the situation. A definition of the situation precedes and limits any possible action, and a redefinition of the situation changes the character of the action. In this final sentence Park and Burgess refer to a defining principle of symbolic interaction theory: action follows meaning. They argue, without a definition of the situation that is known among all participants, those involved wouldnt know what to do with themselves. And, once that definition is known, it sanctions certain actions while prohibiting others. Examples of the Situation An easy example to grasp how situations are defined and why this process is important is that of a written contract. A legally binding document, a contract, for employment or sale of goods, for example, lays out the roles played by those involved and specifies their responsibilities, and sets out actions and interactions that will take place given the situation as defined by the contract. But, its the less easily codified definition of a situation that interests sociologists, who use it to refer to a necessary aspect of all the interactions we have in our daily lives, also known as micro-sociology. Take, for example, riding a bus. Before we even get on a bus, we are engaged with a definition of a situation in which buses exist to serve our transportation needs in society. Based on that shared understanding, we have expectations of being able to find buses at certain times, at certain places, and to be able to access them for a certain price. As we enter the bus, we, and presumably the other passengers and the driver, work with a shared definition of the situation that dictates the actions we take as we enter the bus -- paying or swiping a pass, conversing with the driver, taking a seat or grabbing a hand-hold. If someone acts in a way that defies the definition of the situation, confusion, discomfort, and even chaos can ensue. Sources Burgess, E.W. Introduction to the Science of Sociology. Robert Ezra Park, Kindle Edition, Amazon Digital Services LLC, March 30, 2011. Thomas, William. The Polish Peasant in Europe and America: A CLASSIC WORK IN IMMIGRATION HISTORY. Florian Znaniecki, Paperback, Student edition, University of Illinois Press, January 1, 1996. Edited by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

The Bible Finding God Essay - 1134 Words

Finding God in History The Bible provides Christian readers with an array of different themes and motifs within each book, but the main theme that encompasses the whole collection of works is the story of salvation history. Salvation history is the foundation and glue that holds together the wide compilation of books within the Bible. After the Fall of Adam and Eve, salvation history refers to God’s promise of salvation for human kind. The Bible is described as salvation history because the Bible tells the story of humanity’s fall into sin and evil, but there is still hope. When sin entered the world, humanity became dependent on God’s promise of salvation from original sin. Salvation history happens in the Old Testament through God’s covenants and then is brought to fulfillment in the New Testament with Jesus’ coming. The promise of salvation in the Old Testament comes in the form of covenants made with the people God has chosen- the Israelites. God uses covenants with Noah, Abraham, and Moses to establish a relationship with His people and guide salvation history. The particular covenants with Abraham and Moses established the Israelite holy nation and dynastic line for when Jesus comes. Jesus’ arrival is not intended exclusively for the salvation of the Israelites but for the salvation of all humanity. There are multiple references to the Messiah’s coming in the Old Testament, and these references to Jesus can be found specifically in Genesis and Isaiah; Luke then usesShow MoreRelatedWorldview As A Person s Perception Of Life And Perspective Of The World1615 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluenced by the Bible and God’s truth. Words (146) Part II The first two chapters of Genesis clearly state that God created all things, life included [Genesis 1:1, 11-13, 20-22, 24-31] (Holy Bible, 2011). God is the beginning and end, and He is the creator. Life did not just appear or suddenly come into being from nothing by some unknown source or reason. Romans 1:19-20 reminds man that God is the creator and that none can deny His hand in creation (Holy Bible, 2011). Life was created by God. All thingsRead MoreChristmas As The Starting Point938 Words   |  4 Pagestalk to them about Christ, God, faith, sin, heaven, eternal life, and salvation can bring to the forefront both previous experiences and preconceived ideas. In the current worldview of truth being relative, the concrete descriptions and actions of Christianity can be difficult to focus. Use of historical texts, archaeological and geological evidence can provide â€Å"non-Christian† validation to the story of God, creation, Christ and ultimately the messages within the Bi ble. 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In his Letter to Grand Duchess Christiana, Galileo made an attempt to explain his discoveries and defended that they do not discredit the ChurchRead MoreAnalysis Of The Old Testament Book Of Esther1060 Words   |  5 PagesTHE BOOK OF ESTHER Course: Introduction to the Old Testament book of Esther Related Courses: Finding similarities in the Old and New Testament books Intended Audience: Adult Bible Class Objective After completing this lesson, students: a) Will readily be able to expound on where God is evident in the book of Esther b) Will apply the practices of searching the scriptures for similarities in Old and New Testament books. c) Will be able to show and find Christ even when he is not named or mentionedRead MoreBiblical Allusion in Cry, the Beloved Country Essays1120 Words   |  5 Pageswill give hope to his beloved country. 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Scripture, the saving revelation of God in Jesus Christ, addresses us with full divine authority in its total extent and in all its parts, and therefore the CRC speaks of the Bible as the inspired andRead MoreChristianity ( Religion ) On Christianity1349 Words   |  6 Pagesreligious groups and there is also many smaller ones. They all hold various and often differing beliefs concerning divinity, humanity and the rest of the universe. Many consider that their own faith is the only completely true one. Many believe that God revealed their faith to humanity in the form of sacred books; many believe that religions -- other than their own -- are all man-made. They believe that the consensus of scientists, and the beliefs of all other religions are at least partly false. TheRead MoreThe Ten Avenues Of Revelation1218 Words   |  5 PagesTheophanies, Angels, Prophets, Events, Jesus Christ and The Bible.†1 The Lot is used as a form of communication from God to man. Lots were stones which were used that were casted to make decisions and one sees this where God makes the final outcome of these lots which are casted. The Urim and Thummim were gemstones that were carried on the high priest s breastplate and used as lots to make decisions on situations through Gods will. Dreams were used by God and still are as a means of special revelation to

A Analysis of Essay Volar free essay sample

Yuliya Slipets A Analysis of Essay â€Å"Volar† In â€Å"Volar† Judith Cofer, she portrays the problems faced by many immigrant families, such as problems with fitting in, homesickness and starting life from the beginning in America. The author shows the daughter’s, the mother’s, and the father’s secret desire through their dream. The daughter’s obsession with superheroes is her desire to fit in to the culture where she lives. The author shows that the twelve years old girl with tight curls and skinny arm and legs is not happy with way she looks. She feels different from people surrounding her. She dreams that as she turns into super girl her† legs would grow long† (69) her â€Å"arms harden into steel†(69) and her† hair would magically go straight and turn a golden hair† (69). Escaping into her dreams, the little girl is trying to avoid a reality of not fitting in her new world. We will write a custom essay sample on A Analysis of Essay Volar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She feels â€Å"incongruous†( 69) waking up in her body. The mother is homesick for her country. She wants to go back to her country and see her â€Å"familia on the Island† (70). She understands that it is financially impossible for her to go back and it hurts her. She looks out from her kitchen window and has a view of the sky. She wishes to fly to her family and says â€Å"Ay,si yo pudeiera volar†- all she could do is wish she could fly. Although, the author has not clearly defined of the Father’s dream in this essay. It seems that father wants a new, better and financially stable life for his family. He is the person in the family who lives realistically and practically. He seems more worried about their new life than his wife. He is more interested in the discussion about their current life â€Å"†¦they would be discussing events in the barrio. Actually, he would be carrying that part of the conversation†. In this story, the family is like many immigrant families is dealing with their problems , escaping to their dreams to find a relief from the pain.

Phlebotomy Essays - Blood Tests, Blood, Hematology, Venipuncture

Phlebotomy Learning the Art of Bloodletting If one needs to determine if they are going to be eating for two or needing to rule out a diagnosis of diabetes, the most accurate and efficient procedure is having your blood tested and analyzed by a Lab tech in a medical laboratory. Before the tech can run a test there must be a properly educated and trained health care worker to perform the bloodletting procedure, in modern day terms this person is a phlebotomist. In this paper I will take you through the training and experiences I have encountered at DMC Huron Valley Hospital, in the laboratory, while being a phlebotomy student. The DMC facility in Commerce Michigan, better known as DMC Huron Valley is a fairly new facility. Built in 1986 the facility had one lab that performed phlebotomy procedures, it wasn?t until 1999 when a second outpatient lab was open on the second level to accommodate the needs of several specialized physician offices opening. The specialist consist in one of the wings have practices contained in Time Share Offices, which is where several physicians will use the facility and its equipment on a certain day of the week, month and even sometimes during a particular season. (Hunter, 2009) The hospital itself offers several different medical services, such as radiology, labor and delivery, perinatology, pathology, dermatology, inpatient care and many more. The hospital however does not offer an internal medicine department or pediatrics. (DMC, 2009) Within the lab collection of specimens for blood, urine, stool, and sputum are offered. Ninety five percent of the blood collecting specimens are performed on outpatients. Occasionally one of the doctors will request for the patient to have their blood drawn while they are still in the examination room. Collection of blood specimens, such as Homocysteine Levels, Complete Blood Counts, Lipid Profile, Chemistry Screening, Electrolytes, and Glucose Levels are a few of the multitudes of test the lab draws blood for. The laboratory technician, which performs the test on the specimens, performs the testing on the inpatient specimens. The majority of the outpatient specimens are sent the main Detroit Medical Center laboratory in downtown Detroit. If the patients requisition or prescription is marked STAT, which is defined as ?with no delay; at once? (unknown, 2009), the test are performed at DMC Huron Valley Sinai. The lab here at DMC/HVS has different testing stations, such as Hematology w ere CBC and SED Rate testing is done, Chemistry does drug screening and electrolyte testing, Coagulation takes care of the PT,PTT and Fibrogen. There is a Microbiology department that performs only STAT test for conditions like influenza and strep. There are other testing stations, Urinalysis, Blood Banking, Pathology, and Virology. (Hunter, 2009) The morning shift, 7:30am-3:30pm, which I am presently doing my externship, sets the precedence for the rest of the shifts. Upon arrival we obtain the keys for the second floor lab from the main lab on the first floor. After unlocking the lab and turning on the lights, heat/ac, we check the stock of supplies so that we can service our patients in a proper and timely manner. Then we check for any notes left from the previous day. Sometimes there are glucose tolerance test scheduled for the morning, we check the desk calendar for appointments, if a glucose test is scheduled we pull the patients chart from the computer and get the necessary items for the patient. The sign in clip board and ink pen are now set out for the patients to sign in. During the night test results for the doctor?s offices on our floor is sent to a printer in our lab. The results are printed on a DOX matrix type of printer that we rip off separate by patient and then by doctor, we then deliver it to the doctor?s r eceptionist. If it is Monday ? Friday, in the upstairs lab we primarily only draw blood and collect urine specimens, we will spin off serum separator tubes in the centrifuge, we also spin off Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid tubes (EDTA) for Brain Nauturetic Peptide (BNP) test, then draw the serum off and put the serum in another container and store the container in a frozen bag containing a liquid

louis isadore kahn and the salk institute essays

louis isadore kahn and the salk institute essays Standing alone against the endless blue sea, the Salk Institute by Louis I. Kahn is one of a kind. "Louis Kahn's Salk Institute for Biological Studies on the Pacific coast near La Jolla aspires within its own spirit to an order achieved through clarity, definition, and consistency of application"(Heyer 195). To many, this magnificent structure may seem out of place, but it works well with the surrounding environment because of the spatial continuity that it possesses. The relation to the site, the tectonic characteristics, and the ideas of servant versus served, combine to achieve a great sense of order in the Salk Institute. Many of the ideas that went into the construction of this design are still utilized in architecture today. Kahn's modern design takes full advantage of the atmosphere by opening up a broad plaza between two research and lab wings providing a view of the beautiful Pacific Ocean and the coastline (Ghirardo 227). The laboratories are separated from the study areas, and each study has a view of the magnificent blue Pacific with horizontal light pouring in. This allows scientists to take a break from their frantic studies and clear their minds with a breath-taking view. In relation to this idea Kahn stated, "I separated the studies from the laboratory and placed them over the gardens. Now one need not spend all the time in the laboratories" (Ronner 158). The two lab wings are symmetrical about a small stream that runs through the middle of the courtyard and feeds into the ocean. This steady ban of water flowing towards the sea symbolizes the success that human can accomplish. I thought this idea had a worthy presence, considering the Salk Institute is one that promotes research and st udy. Thus, the courtyard is considered the facade to the sky. Kahn didn't need to dress up the land around the plan because the Salk Institute is the landscape. It is one with the site ...

Why We Need a Goal of Zero Inflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why We Need a Goal of Zero Inflation - Essay Example Keleher reports that, "This objective has been endorsed not only by many of the world's most esteemed monetary economists but also by many Federal Reserve officials". A zero inflation rate will not impact the unemployment rate as critics contend. It will, however, stabilize the economy, and benefit the average worker. Though there is some debate about the definition of zero inflation, almost all economists agree that high inflation rates have a negative impact on the economy. When the inflation rate reaches double digits, economies will experience slower rates of growth. The unpredictable future of inflation rates reduces investment, spending, and creates a climate ripe for poor planning. Future prices and uncertainty about future income affects everything from automobiles to the real estate market. There is no doubt that a goal of zero inflation is desirable in today's instantaneous, global economy. As much as it is desirable for the corporate economy, it is even more so for the individual. Retirees on fixed incomes face an uncertain future with high inflation. For the average worker, an inflationary rise in wages will lag the increase in prices, which will place them permanently behind the inflation curve. The complexities of evaluating personal financial decisions in an inflationary market leaves the consumer open to exploitation.

Hackers are the true defenders of cyberspace Essay

Hackers are the true defenders of cyberspace - Essay Example There is a great divergence in the understanding of the role of hackers in modern cyberspace. While they are often considered to be criminals, breaking into computer systems to cause damage and engage in personal gain; most hackers are out there for the exact opposite reasons, to help the cyber-environment, and to do something they love. According to Wikipedia, "hacker is extended to mean a person who makes things work beyond perceived limits through their own technical skill." Hackers, then, strive to improve the internet for all users, and not damage or deface what currently exists. Hackers, not crackers (people whose primary goal is financial gain), are the true defenders of cyberspace, in that they work to uncover security flaws, attempt to regulate dangerous or immoral content, promote new technology and ideas, and strive to stop crackers from damaging critical cyber technology. By describing and proving each of the above concepts related to hackers and the defense of cyberspace , this essay seeks to prove that crackers, not hackers, are the primary threat to cyberspace; and that hackers, through their actions and love of technology, strive to and are successful at being the true defenders of cyberspace.All over the world, groups of hackers are gainfully employed as cyber cops, internet security, and virus stoppers. Everyday they find "cures" to hundreds of bugs, Trojan horses, and viruses that crackers and hackers have loosed on the cyber world. At the anti-virus firm Kaspersky, in Moscow, "woodpeckers" (young hackers) work in twelve hour shifts to protect the internet. In the media, they are called computer programmers. However, their job is to correct code, and to travel into crackers' computers to hunt out the source of these security breaches (Johnson 2006). Internet security requires hackers to learn not only how to fix the problems crackers cause, but also how to think like them, to understand not only the how but also the why of what the crackers do . The line between hacker (with a positive connotation) and hacker (with a negative connotation) is actually finite. They break into other people's computers, investigate personal files, and change the internet in thousands of ways. However, hackers only do it out of love for cyberspace, and a need to protect others, and strengthen the security of other people's systems. Crackers, (the group commonly called hackers in mainstream media) do the same; only they do it not just out of love, but also out of a desire for personal gain. For hackers, the need to learn to think like crackers is paramount. They are taught in classrooms how to think and behave like crackers, using the same tools to find a system's weakest points (School 2005). Yet few people would argue that these people are doing damage; instead, they are trying to strengthen security, and are called computer programmers by mainstream media. They use the same tools, and do the same actions. The only difference is the eventual goal: for hackers, to improve the internet, for crackers, to improve their wallet. Crackers not only go after financial gain for themselves, they also try to hurt others, a new wave called "cyber terrorism." Cyber terrorism is defined as "cyber terrorism is the premeditated, politically motivated attack against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data which result in violence against noncombatant targets by sub national groups or clandestine agents" (Federal Bureau of Investigations 2006). Crackers gain entrance into military and government sites, causing damage and defacing the sites. Cyber terrorism is considered one of the greatest new threats, and laws are popping up everywhere requiring jail time for these offenders. Yet their greatest skill is that of not being findable, at least not by laypersons. Instead, computer programmers are becoming cyber cops, searching out these criminals, and stopping dangerous attacks on data. These "cracks" into government security can only be

The Poetry of T.S. Eliot Essay Example for Free

The Poetry of T.S. Eliot Essay The poetry of T.S. Eliot is of such greatness that it will be read and analyzed by future generations of students and critics as long as there is poetry. Eliot received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948 and his work spanned a period of time from 1910 until his death in 1965. The period 1914—1922 was very significant for Eliot for obvious as well as personal reasons and events. He was living in England and Europe was witnessing the end of the First World War and realizing the devastation caused. Personally he was having marital difficulties as well as emotional and psychological problems. (Eliot xv—xviii) His work from this period is very dark and obviously influenced by the â€Å"wasteland† of Europe as well as his marital and personal issues. The poems are compelling and in their unique way stand to illustrate the beauty that can be created in the dismal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† was first published in 1915. It opens with Italian verse from â€Å"Dante’s Inferno†, seemingly trying to set a tone of death and damnation. There are no bright spots or happiness in the poem; instead there is a sense of anxiety, uncertainty and sadness. He walks â€Å"streets that follow like a tedious argument of insidious intent to lead you to an overwhelming question† (9). The women seem out of reach, â€Å"in the room the women come and go talking of Michelangelo† (10). It is not a pleasant scene. Eliot appears to want to escape it, to be â€Å"a pair of ragged claws scuttling across the floors of silent seas† (11).   His language in Prufrock is full of allusions and very difficult to read and interpret, and it is almost as if he has sympathy for the reader. He shows his frustration at miscommunication in several lines, some repeated. â€Å"That is not what I meant at all. That is not it, at all† is followed by later by â€Å"it is impossible to say just what I mean† (12). Later this thought is inverted and repeated, â€Å"that is not it at all, that is not what I meant, at all† (13). Towards the end he becomes melancholy and thinks of his old age and death: â€Å"I grow old†¦I grow old†¦I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each. I do not think they will sing to me†¦we have lingered by the chambers of the sea by sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown till human voices wake us and we drown† (13). The reader is left to wonder if Prufrock was drowning in a sea of human voices. This conflict and miscommunication is symbolic of both Eliot’s marital and personal difficulties. The poem is depressing and full of darkness, conflict and anxiety. It is only the beginning of his bleak viewpoint.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This theme of darkness and miscommunication continues to be reflected in his poetry. In â€Å"Morning at the Window†. Eliot is â€Å"aware of the damp souls of housemaid sprouting despondently at area gates†¦waves of fog toss up to me twisted faces†¦and tear from a passer-by with muddy skirts an aimless smile that hovers in the air and vanishes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (24). He writes of his â€Å"Aunt Helen† not in reflection of her life, but upon her death, focusing on silence and the task of the undertaker: †¦the undertaker wiped his feet—he was aware this sort of thing had occurred before† (26). There is a gloominess that seems to be everywhere Eliot looks. His theme of miscommunication is in his very words, often bizarre and difficult to interpret. In â€Å"Mr. Apollinax† Mr. Apollinax â€Å"laughed like an irresponsible foetus ‘he is a charming man’—but after all what did he mean† (28).   Ã‚  If the words are difficult enough to understand, the final verse is all but impossible to comprehend. â€Å"I remember a slice of lemon, and a bitter macaroon† (29).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through these unsettling works Eliot shows himself to be a master at portraying a side of the human condition no one really likes to see, yet invariably at sometime everyone does. Often he points out the contrary view as he does in â€Å"The Wasteland†. Springtime is a timeless topic for countless poets expressing the wonder and beauty of nature coming alive after a winter asleep. Not so for Eliot. â€Å"April is the cruelest month, breeding lilacs out of the dead land, mixing memory and desire, stirring dull roots with spring rain† (65). Not surprisingly he seems to prefer winter. â€Å"Winter kept us warm, covering earth with a forgetful snow, feeding a little life with dried tubers† (65). The theme of miscommunication continues to either cause or accompany the darkness. â€Å"Speak to me. Speak. Why do you never speak. Speak. What are you thinking of? What thinking? What? I never know what you are thinking† (69).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eliot revisits his earlier theme of death as sea in the â€Å"Death by Water† section of â€Å"Wasteland†, advising Gentile or Jew â€Å"entering the whirlpool†Ã‚   to remember â€Å"Phlebas the Phoenician, a fortnight dead† (77). In the final section â€Å"What the Thunder Said† his depression seems to come to triumph. Eliot emphasizes â€Å"after the agony in stony places the shouting and the crying†¦he who was living is now dead, we who were living are now dying† (78). His landscape has been ruined: â€Å"falling towers Jerusalem Athens Alexandria Vienna London Unreal† (79). Despite his viewpoint and topics his work is beautiful as it moves the â€Å"unreal† of his imagination to our â€Å"reality† in such a unique and personal way; overall he has in fact communicated his reality in a masterful and compelling fashion. Eliot has proved that good things can arise from, if not be inspired by terrible situations. Works Cited   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eliot, T.S. The Waste Land and Other Poems. New York: Barnes and Noble Classics, 2004.

How Lomax and Fellow Prisoners are Treated Essay -- Prison Alan Lomax

How Lomax and Fellow Prisoners are Treated In this essay I will be looking at ways in which Lomax conveys how he and his fellow prisoners are treated here in this passage from the book. To show evidence of this I will select quotes which show choices of form, style, vocabulary and narrative viewpoint. Overall I aim to highlight the ways in which the attitudes and values are conveyed to the reader. Lomax Perfectly describes his transition from a P.O.W camp to Outram Gail. 'What our captors were in fact doing was consigning us to a lower circle of hell'. This extremely poignant statement shows use of imagery in a way that stands out to the reader. He uses 'lower circle of hell', which is a simile to emphasize the absurdity of prisoners being sent to Gail. Lomax goes on to describe the horrible neglect that prisoners of Outram road were experiencing. 'This was a place in which the living were turned into ghosts, starved, diseased creatures wasted down to their skeletal outlines'. Like the first quote this is Lomax being very graphic, morbid about what he has witn...

Consumer Preception Towards Online Shoping

Council for Innovative Research www. cirworld. com International Journal of Management & Information Technology Volume 1, No 1, May, 2012 CONSUMER’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING- THE CASE OF PUNJAB Pawan Singh Rathour ABSTRACT India has more than 100 million internet users out of which one half opt for online purchases and the number is rising sharply every year. The growth in the number of online shoppers is greater than the growth in Internet users, indicating that more Internet users are becoming comfortable to shop online.The capability of purchasing without leaving your place is of great interest to many consumers. Not only does online shopping offer really good deals, but also brings optimum convenience to the consumers. Moreover, the use of Internet tools for price searching and comparison provides an additional advantage in consumers’ final decision, as they can purchase their desired products in the lowest available price. This paper focuses on the unders tanding of demographic profiles of adopters and non-adopters of online shopping.For this purpose the data from 400 respondents was collected in the form of questionnaires. The study has been conducted in 3 cities of Punjab, a sample of urban respondents were selected from the Jalandhar, Ludhiana and Amritsar The paper also analyses the various reasons for adoption and non-adoption of online shopping. KEYWORDS: Online Shopping, Consumer Perception, Factor analysis, Adopters and Non-Adopters of online shopping REVIEW OF LITERATURE Bellman et al (1999) investigated various predictors for whether an individual will purchase online.These authors concluded that demographic variables, such as income, education and age, have a modest impact on the decision of whether to buy online, whereas the most important determinant of online shopping was previous behaviour, such as earlier online purchases. Standing (1999) stated that traditionally retail travel agencies have acted as intermediaries be tween airline companies and wholesale travel companies and the consumer. The Internet and the World Wide Web provide a whole new set of challenges and opportunities for this business sector.The major threat stems from airlines and wholesale travel companies offering their products and services directly to the customer without the assistance of travel agencies. Large online agencies have gained significant attention in the travel industry and provide some evidence of a restructuring of the travel industry sector. Leong (2001) examined the marketing strategies adopted by local hotel establishments in the competitive hospitality industry. It also analyses the adoption and role of information technology in strategic marketing.It was found that most hotels seemed to have embraced the marketing concept, given the existence of extensive marketing plans. Although most hotels appeared to have successfully incorporated information technology into their marketing campaigns, the level of commit ment seemed to be insignificant. Following a brief comparison with a similar US study, the paper concludes that there are only minor differences between US and Singapore hotels in terms of their marketing practices. Parasuraman (2002) stated that the motivations for this special issue and propose a conceptual framework pertaining to the issue’s theme.Using this frameworks a backdrop, they then offer an overview of the remaining articles by segmenting them into categories and discussing their relationship to the framework. They conclude by highlighting research avenues for augmenting our understanding of marketing to and serving customers through the Internet. Sigala (2003) stated that despite the exponential growth of e-commerce on the Internet, little is still known on how the new medium is transforming marketing concepts/practices and their effectiveness.This empirical study aims to fill in this gap. This article first analyzes the Internet's capabilities and features as we ll as the new virtual market space that Internet advances have fostered. After reviewing models and strategies for Internet marketing, an Internet marketing mix is proposed based on the Internet strategies of hotels in Greece that were investigated. Know and Lee (2003) explored consumers’ concerns about payment security and its relationship to online shopping attitude and actual purchases.They observed a negative relationship between attitude towards online shopping and concerns about online payment security. Consumers with a positive attitude seem to be less concerned about payment security. Bechrer (2004) stated that Internet marketing is a field that is continuing to grow, and the online auction concept may be defining a totally new and unique distribution alternative. Very few studies have examined auction sellers and their INTRODUCTION With nearly half of the Indian population being young and net savvy, there has been an extra ordinary rise in the numbers of online shopp ers.The recent growth in the mall culture in the country has in fact made consumers more aware about different options and encouraged them to search and eventually purchase online. India has more than 100 million internet users out of which one half opt for online purchases and the number is rising sharply every year. The growth in the number of online shoppers is greater than the growth in Internet users, indicating that more Internet users are becoming comfortable to shop online.Until recently, the consumers generally visit online to reserve hotel rooms and buy air, rail or movie tickets, books and gadgets and gizmos, but now more and more offline product like clothes – saris, kurtis, T-shirts – shoes, and designer lingerie, consumer durables are being purchased online. At present the market is estimated at Rs. 46000 crore and is growing at 100 percent per year. The two most commonly cited reasons for online shopping have been convenience and price. The capability of purchasing without leaving your place is of great interest to many consumers.Not only does online shopping offer really good deals, but also brings optimum convenience to the consumers. Moreover, the use of Internet tools for price searching and comparison provides an additional advantage in consumers’ final decision, as they can purchase their desired products in the lowest available price . On the contrary, privacy and security have been the great concerns, resulting many people to browse the Internet for informational matters than for buying online. 1|Page www. ijmit. com Council for Innovative Research www. cirworld. om International Journal of Management & Information Technology Volume 1, No 1, May, 2012 internet marketing strategies. This research examines the internet auction phenomenon as it relates to the marketing mix of online auction sellers. The data in this study indicate that, whilst there is great diversity among businesses that utilize online auctions, disti nct cost leadership and differentiation marketing strategies are both evident. These two approaches are further distinguished in terms of the internet usage strategies employed by each group.Ryan (2004) conducted a research on the mosaic of institutional issues associated with gaining credibility for internet marketing standards. Strong claims for a predominantly self-regulatory approach are reviewed in conjunction with other factors that inhibit credibility, namely: competing internet worldviews, weak moral coherency and offline ambiguity about respective institutional roles, especially as regards moral dimensions of notions of regulation and self-regulation. Wang (2006) conducted a research to examine the current use and predict future Web-based marketing activities of U. S. onvention and visitor bureaus. A survey was sent to 600 randomly selected American convention and visitor bureaus with a focus on assessing the applications included in the bureaus’ Web sites, their Web site promotion techniques, and customer relationship management programs in relation to these Web sites. The results indicate that most bureaus’ Internet marketing activities are relatively limited, focusing on providing travel information to prospective visitors. Bengtsson (2007) stated that adopting the Internet for advanced marketing operations opens up challenging opportunities for firms of all sizes.However, such adoption might destroy investments in present market channels and thus has the characteristics of radical innovation. The results of analysis show that composition of factors on which firms base their decision to adopt advanced Internet-based marketing operations varies significantly with firm size. Chin ting (2010) stated that few school or educational studies have simultaneously explored both internet marketing and organizational commitment, and of those that have, only direct effects were examined. This study clarifies the relationship between school organiz ation’s internet arketing and teachers’ organizational commitment by examining the mediating role of teachers’ job involvement and job satisfaction. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The study has been conducted to identify the consumer’s perception towards online shopping in Punjab. The specific objectives of the study are: ? ? To identify the demographic profile of adopters and non-adopters of online shopping in Punjab. To identify the various reasons for adoption and non-adoption of online shopping by the consumers of Punjab DATABASE AND METHODOLOGY The research is primarily descriptive in nature.The data was collected in the form of questionnaires. The study has been conducted in 3 cities of Punjab, a sample of urban respondents were selected from the Jalandhar, Ludhiana and Amritsar. The survey was carried out on 450 respondents. However, 31 Questionnaires were found to be incorrect or irrelevant, so a total of 50 questionnaires were deliberately rejected. Hence, the study sample was reduced to 400 respondents. The data was collected personally (and via emails) in the months of January 2012 to March 2012. The questionnaire was pretested in order to identify possible problems in terms of clarity and accuracy.Thus, several changes were made in order to improve the presentation of the items, based on comments and feedback. Apart from demographic-related questions, fivepoint Likert scale was used for all the questions concerning consumers’ expectations and perceptions about the online shopping. Most of the Respondents of the age group 36-45 years (44. 6%) were found to be adopters of online shopping (Table 1). Most of the Males (55. 3%) were the adopters as compared to females, where 53. 7% were non-adopters. The adopters were mostly post graduates (48. 9%) with monthly income in the range of Rs. 0000-Rs. 30000. The respondents those who use internet from 5 to 7 hours a day were found to be adopters of online shopping. The consumer respon ses ranked the retail websites at Number 1 with Electronics and comparison shopping websites at Number 2 and 3 respectively. Home items were ranked at Number 10 by the Punjab consumers (Table 2) Table 1 : Demographic profile of Adopters and Non Adopters Demographics Adopters No. Age: 15-25 26-35 36-45 Above 46 Gender: Female Male 84 104 44. 6% 55. 3% 114 98 53. 7% 46. 2% df=1 chi-square=53. 892 p=0. 000 34 67 84 03 18. 0% 35. 6% 44. % 1. 5% 45 72 91 04 21. 2% 33. 9% 42. 9% 1. 8% df=3 chi-square=48. 241 p=0. 000 % Non Adopters No. % Chi – square 2|Page www. ijmit. com Council for Innovative Research www. cirworld. com Education: Under Graduate Graduate Post Graduate Any Other Monthly Income: Under Rs. 10000 Rs. 10000-Rs. 20000 Rs. 20000-Rs. 30000 More than Rs. 30000 Not Employed Daily usage of the Internet 1 hour and below 1-3 hours 3. 1-5 hours 5. 1-7 hours 7 hours and above 21 38 56 65 08 18 37 78 55 00 31 43 92 20 International Journal of Management & Information Technology Volume 1, No 1, May, 2012 6. 4% 22. 8% 48. 9% 10. 6% 56 62 86 08 26. 4% 29. 2% 40. 5% 3. 7% df=3 chi-square=72. 452 p=0. 000 9. 5% 19. 6% 41. 4% 29. 2% 0. 0% 42 51 69 45 05 19. 8% 24. 0% 32. 5% 21. 2% 2. 3% df=4 chi-square=67. 453 p=0. 000 11. 1% 20. 2% 29. 7% 34. 5% 4. 2% 47 53 71 39 02 22. 1% 25. 0% 33. 4% 18. 3% 0. 94% df=4 chi-square=77. 344 p=0. 000 Table 2: Most visited category of websites: Category of Websites Retail Consumer Electronics Comparison Shopping Computer Hardware Apparel Movies Books Flowers/Gifts/Greetings Jewelry/Luxury Goods/Accessories Home itemsRank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean 3. 45 3. 12 2. 98 2. 87 2. 64 2. 55 2. 03 1. 76 1. 46 1. 55 Reasons for adoption or non-adoption of online shopping The factor analysis was applied on the responses provided by respondents. Factor analysis is a good way of identifying latent or underlying factors from an array of seemingly important variables. In a more general way, factor analysis is a set of techniques, which, by anal yzing correlations between variables, reduces their number into fewer factors, which explain much of the original data, more economically. (Malhotra,2002).In the present study, the factor analysis was applied in order to identify the various reasons for online shopping by the consumers, the responses obtain were put to factor analysis and the result so obtain were Table 3 : KMO and Bartlett’s test subject to Kaiser- Meyer- Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity. The approximate chi-square value is 621. 103 with df 290, which is significant at 0. 000 level. (Table 3). The value of KMO statistics (0. 783) is also large (; 0. 5). Hence, all factors are not considered equally important for Television viewing.From table 4, it is evident that the first four variables represent the 62. 092 % of variance. Therefore, only these four factors with the variance greater than 1. 0 are retained and the other factors are not included in the model. T hus, from eigen values in table 3, we extract only 4 factors from the 13 variables. 3|Page www. ijmit. com Council for Innovative Research www. cirworld. com International Journal of Management & Information Technology Volume 1, No 1, May, 2012 Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx.Chi-Square Degree of Freedom Significance .783 621. 103 290 . 000 Table 4: Total Variance explained Initial Eigenvalues Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 4. 150 3. 144 2. 718 1. 411 0. 892 0. 789 0. 618 0. 601 0. 590 0. 449 0. 332 0. 217 0. 189 % of Variance 27. 823 14. 230 10. 783 9. 256 6. 068 5. 130 5. 003 4. 781 4. 350 4. 263 2. 963 2. 788 2. 562 Cumulative % 27. 823 42. 053 52. 836 62. 092 68. 160 73. 290 78. 293 83. 074 87. 424 91. 687 94. 650 97. 438 100. 00 Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total 4. 150 3. 144 2. 718 1. 411 % of Variance 27. 823 14. 230 10. 783 9. 56 Cumulative % 27. 823 42. 053 52. 836 62. 092 Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total 3. 921 3. 101 2. 318 1. 290 % of Variance 27. 823 14. 230 10. 783 9. 256 Cumulative % 27. 823 42. 053 52. 836 62. 092 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Factor loadings are simple correlations between the variables and factors. The most commonly used method is the Varimax Table 5:Rotated Component Matrix rotation procedure. This is an orthogonal method of rotation that minimizes the number of variables with high loadings of a factor, thereby enhancing the interpretability of the factors.Orthogonal rotations results in factors that are uncorrelated. Component S. No. Statements 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 I prefer to purchase online due to heavy discounts available online It is easier to buy online rather than going on to shop at store Shopping online gives you larger options to choose from It is easier to pay online through credit card or direct bank transfer The quality of products purchased online from trusted sites is very good and are available at economical pri ces Shopping online saves my time and money as I don’t have to go through heavy traffic besides saving fuel 609 . 361 . 212 . 341 . 425 . 380 .427 . 521 . 517 . 489 . 336 .379 . 389 . 412 . 656 . 316 .235 . 260 . 352 . 419 . 296 6 .552 .272 .461 4|Page www. ijmit. com Council for Innovative Research www. cirworld. com 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 International Journal of Management & Information Technology Volume 1, No 1, May, 2012 . 402 . 642 . 285 . 403 . 502 . 325 . 580 . 326 . 561 . 223 . 326 . 346 . 436 . 352 . 561 . 452 . 311 . 262 . 663 . 516 . 431 . 613 . 497 . 591 . 570 . 371 . 696 . 280I am a bit concerned about the security and privacy of my payments online I cannot buy all the products on discount but some selected products only There are some shipping delays in getting the product I do not use the credit card so I cannot often shop online I prefer to purchase online due to easement of online buying procedures I physically need to check the products before purchasing it I ca n read the reviews also before purchasing online which helps me to select the right product at economical pricesPrincipal Component Analysis under the rotation method (Varimax with Kaiser Normalization), rotation converged in 15 iterations. The following four components (Table 6) may be extracted: Component 1: Factor 1,5,8,13 (Price Consciousness) Component 2:Factor 2,3,6 (Convenience and Variety) Component 3:Factor 4,11 (Easy payment options) Component shopping) 4:Factor 7,9,10,12 (Challenges of online The rotated component matrix suggests presence of the four interrelated factors.Table 6: Naming of Factors Factor No. F1 Name of Dimension Price Consciousness Item No. 1 I prefer to purchase online due to heavy discounts available online Variables Factor loading . 609 5 8 13 F2 Convenience and Variety 2 3 6 F3 Easy payment options 4 11 F4 Challenges of online shopping 7 9 10 12 The quality of products purchased online from trusted sites is very good and are available at economical pr ices I cannot buy all the products on discount but some selected products only.I can read the reviews also before purchasing online which helps me to select the right product at economical prices It is easier to buy online rather than going on to shop at store Shopping online gives you larger options to choose from Shopping online saves my time and money as I don’t have to go through heavy traffic besides saving fuel It is easier to pay online through credit card or direct bank transfer I prefer to purchase online due to easement of online buying procedures. I am a bit concerned about the security and privacy of my payments online There are some shipping delays in getting the product.I do not use the credit card so I cannot often shop online I physically need to check the products before purchasing it .425 . 642 . 580 . 521 . 517 . 552 . 656 . 663 . 613 . 591 . 570 . 696 Price Consciousness: It is the most significant factor with 27. 823 percent of total variance explained. T his explains the intent of Punjab Consumers being price sensitive. Most of the consumers prefer to buy some selected products online because they will get heavy discounts in comparison to store purchases. Also, the consumers feels that there are good websites available which can be trusted for purchases. |Page www. ijmit. com Council for Innovative Research www. cirworld. com International Journal of Management & Information Technology Volume 1, No 1, May, 2012 Convenience and Variety: It is the second most significant factor with 14. 230 percent of total variance explained. The consumers perceive that shopping online gives them larger options to choose from. Shopping online is very convenient as one has to just open a laptop or PC to shop rather then getting ready and pass through rush hour traffics. Easy Payment options: It is the third most significant factor with 10. 83 percent of total variance explained. Consumers feel that carrying cash or credit cards all the way to the stor e is meaning less if one can purchase the same product from their home. Challenges of Online Shopping: It is the fourth most significant factor with 9. 256 percent of total variance explained. The only worry of consumers is regarding the trustworthiness of some websites, since they have to give their credit card details to shop online. REFERENCES ? Bechrer C. (2004). Characteristics and internet marketing strategies of online auction sellers.International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising. 24(1), 24-37 Bellman, S. , Lohse, G. and Johnson, E. (1999) ‘Predictors of online buying behaviour,’ Communications of the ACM, 42 (12), 32-38. Bengtsson M. (2007). Integrating the Internet and Marketing Operations: A Study of Antecedents in Firms of Different Size. International Small Business Journal. 25(1), 27-48 Chin ting S. (2010). The Effect of Internal Marketing on Organizational Commitment: Job Involvement and Job Satisfaction as Mediators. Educational Administrati on Quarterly. 9(4), 65-74 Know, K. and Lee, J. (2003) ‘Concerns about payment security of Internet purchases: a perspective on current on-line shoppers,’ Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 21 (4), 174-184. Leong C. (2001). Marketing practices and Internet marketing: A study of hotels in Singapore. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 7(2), 179-187 Parsuraman A. (2002). Marketing to and Serving Customers through the Internet: An Overview and Research Agenda. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 30(4), 96-105 Ryan P. (2004).Internet marketing standards: institutional coherence issues. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising. 15(4), 84103 Schiffman L. (2007) Consumer Behavior , New Delhi: Prentice Hall India Sigalla M. (2003). Developing and Benchmarking Internet Marketing Strategies in the Hotel Sector in Greece. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. 27(4), 375-401 Standing C. (1999). Internet marketing strategies used by travel agencies in Australia. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 6(1), 36-42 Wang Y. (2006).Futuring Internet Marketing Activities Using Change Propensity Analysis. Journal of Travel Research. 45(2), 158-166 ? ? ? CONCLUSIONS It was seen from the study that most of the Respondents of the age group 36-45 years were found to be adopters of online shopping. Most of the Males were the adopters as compared to females, where 53. 7% were non-adopters. The adopters were mostly post graduates with monthly income in the range of Rs. 20000-Rs. 30000. The respondents those who use internet from 5 to 7 hours a day were found to be adopters of online shopping.Further, the factor analysis was applied to understand the various reasons for adoption and non-adoption of online shopping by the respondents. The following four factors were found to be significant Price Consciousness, Convenience and Variety, Easy Payment options and Challenges of Online Shopping. Most of the consumers prefer to buy some selected products onli ne because they will get heavy discounts in comparison to store purchases. Also, the consumers feels that there are good websites available which can be trusted for purchases.The consumers perceive that shopping online gives them larger options to choose from. Shopping online is very convenient as one has to just open a laptop or PC to shop rather then getting ready and pass through rush hour traffics. Shopping online saves time and money along with lesser effort is required in comparison to store purchases. Consumers feel that carrying cash or credit cards all the way to the store is meaning less if one can purchase the same product from their home. The educated consumers are aware of the buying procedures online which they feel are pretty simple.The only worry of consumers is regarding the trustworthiness of some websites, since they have to give their credit card details to shop online. Many of the consumers are aware of the various online scams due to which they are very concern ed and reluctant while providing their credit card information online. Also the online purchases take a longer time in shipments and deliveries. The psychology of an Indian consumer is still the same of checking the product physically before purchasing it, which creates a mental hurdle for online shopping. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 6|Page www. ijmit. com

Ra 6713 “Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public...

ETHICS â€Å"Is deciding what is RIGHT and doing it† ETHICS is equated with: * Good Governance: It requires us to decide what is good. * Public Service Ethics: Requires us to give quality service to the public. * Standards, Rules, Morals - ETHICS is the â€Å"science of human duty†. ETHICS OF GOVERNANCE Good Governance is characterized with: * Accountability * Transparency * Participation * Non-Discrimination * Responsiveness * Poverty Alleviation (According to UNDP as cited by Carià ±o) * Participation * Rule of Law * Transparency * Responsiveness * Consensus Orientation * Equity * Effectiveness and Efficiency * Accountability Ethical Bases†¦show more content†¦Recommending any person to any position in a private enterprise which has a regular or pending official transaction with his office. Soliciting or accepting, directly or indirectly, any gift, gratuity, favor, entertainment, loan or anything of monetary value which in the course of his official duties or in connection with any operation being regulated by, or any transaction which may be affected by the function of his office. Unfair discrimination in rendering public service due to party affiliation. Disloyalty to the Republic of the Philippines and to the Filipino people. Failure to act promptly on letters and requests within 15 working days from receipt, except as otherwise provided in these Rules. Failure to attend to anyone who wants to avail himself of the services of the office or to act promptly and expeditiously on public personal transactions. Failure to file sworn statements of assets, liabilities and networth, and disclosure of business interests and financial connections. RA 9485 â€Å"Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007† signed into law by Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on June 02, 2007 Violations Refusal to accept application and/or request within the prescribed period or any document being submitted by a client. Failure to act on an application and/or request or failure to refer back to the client a request which cannot be acted upon due to lack of requirement/s within the prescribed period. Failure to attend to clients whoShow MoreRelatedEstrada vs Sandiganbayan3238 Words   |  13 Pagesof alias by respondent Estrada was not public, was allowable under banking rules, and was an exception to illegal use of alias punishable under CA 142; in limiting the coverage of the amended Information in Criminal Case 26565; and in departing from its earlier final finding on the non-applicability of Ursua v. Court of Appeals II. Objectives 1) To determine if the use of Estrada’s alias violates CA No. 142.and violates the Bank Secrecy Law or RA 1405. 2) To be able to identifyRead MoreBanking Laws and Jurisprudence Reviewer41247 Words   |  165 PagesBanking Laws CHAPTER 1 – Banks and Business of Banking †¢ Declaration of the state with regards to banking – recognize vital role of the banks to provide environment conducive to development of national economy o It also states that banks need high standards of integrity and performance Banks – entities engaged in the lending of funds obtained in the form of deposits (borrowing, lending, safe-keeping) Banks may engage in other activities allowed by the law other than lending 2 †¢ †¢ Nature